Blog posts
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Weekly Review: week ending in 2020/09/06
Another installment of my weekly reviews. I think the practice of carving out around 30 minutes on Sunday to look back at the previous week and look forward for the next week helps me in several ways. First, the posts help me recognize my tiny little victories that I often neglect and they also help…
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Barrier Synchronization (Part 2/2)
Part 1 of barrier synchronization covers my notes on the first couple types of synchronization barriers including the naive centralized barrier and the slightly more advanced tree barrier. This post is a continuation and covers the three other barriers: MCS barrier, tournament barrier , dissemination barrier. Summary In the MCS tree barrier, there are two…
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How to convert .heic images to .jpeg using command line on MacBook
My wife’s apple iPhone X saves images she captured with her camera as .heic format1 , a relatively new file format that compresses high quality images and I needed a way to convert these type of files to .jpeg (which apparently dates back to 1992) so that they can be uploaded to my blog and…
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Finally clean air & Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/18
Hooray! Today is the first day in a couple weeks that air quality is considered good, at least according to the EPA. I’m so pleased and so grateful for clean air because my wife and daughter have not left the house since the wild fires started a week ago (or was it two weeks —…
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Barrier Synchronization (Part 1/2)
As mentioned previously, there are different types of synchronization primitives that us operating system designers offer. If as an application designer you nee to ensure only one thread can access a piece of shared memory at a time, use a mutual exclusion synchronization primitive. But what about a different scenario in which you need all…
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On letting go & Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/17
With working remote and establishing a (somewhat) daily routine (that has become pretty monotonous), it’s sometimes easy to forget that we’re in the midst of a global pandemic. But that reality is amplified because of the recent wild fires, forcing those of us living in the pacific north west (PNW) — and those living in…
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Making sense of the “sense reversing barrier” (synchronization)
What’s the deal with a sense reversing barrier? Even after watching the lectures on the topic, I was still confused as to how a single flag could toggle between two values (true and false) can communicate whether or not all processes (or threads) are running in the same critical section. This concept completely baffled me.…
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Crashing and burning during lunch & Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/16
I had mentioned yesterday that I slept horribly, waking up early and starting day off at around 03:45 AM. That wake up time was brutal and as a result, I crashed and burned in the afternoon, leveraging those precious 30 minutes of my lunch to nap in my wife’s / daughter’s bedroom (a room with…
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Synchronization notes (part 2/2) – Linked Based Queuing lock
In part 1 of synchronization, I talked about the more naive spin locks and other naive approaches that offer only marginally better performance by adding delays or reading cached caches (i.e. avoiding bus traffic) and so on. Of all the locks discussed thus far, the array based queuing lock offers low latency, low contention and…
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Tired like a zombie & Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/15
Today is going to be rough. I slept horribly, waking up multiple times throughout the night. Ultimately, I rolled out of my tri-folding foam mattress (a temporary bed while my daughter and wife sleep on the mattress in a separate room as to not wake me up: that parent life) at 03:45 AM this morning.…
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Synchronization (Notes) – Part 1
I broke down the synchronization topic into two parts and this will cover material up to and including the array based queuing lock. I’ll follow up with part 2 tomorrow, which will include the linked list based queuing lock. There a couple different types of synchronization primitives: mutual exclusion and barrier synchronization. Mutual exclusion ensures…
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Honoring my body’s internal alarm clock & Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/14
This morning my body woke me up later than usual. After a few blinks, I squeezed the corner of my Casio G-Shock watch, the green background lighting up and shining the time: 05:55 AM. Ugh. About an hour later than I wanted to wake up. On one hand, I’m bummed because I won’t be able…
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Shared Memory Machine Model (notes)
You need to take away the following two themes for shared memory machine model: Difference and relationship between cache coherence (dealt with in hardware) and cache consistency (handled by the operating system) The different memory machine models (e.g. dance hall, symmetric multiprocessing, and distributed shared memory architecture) Cache coherence is the promise delivered by the…
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Losing 2 hours searching for a website bookmark & Weekly Review: week ending in 2020/09/06
My weekly review that normally takes place first thing in the morning on Sundays was completely derailed this time around, all because I could find the URL to a website that I had sworn I bookmarked for my wife’s birthday present. I ended up coughing up two hours of searching: searching directly on Reddit’s website…
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Remembering September 11 & Daily Review (day ending on 09/11/2020)
Yesterday was September 11. On this day, every year, Americans grieve and we are all reminded of the unforgettable day back in 2001 when the New York twin towers collapsed to the ground after being struck by the hijacked planes. I sure remember the day. I was about 12 years old at the time and…
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CPU and Device Virtualization (notes)
This post is a continuation of virtualization. In the previous post, I talked about memory virtualization. This post instead discusses CPU and device virtualization. Ultimately, as system designers, one of our chief aims is to provide an illusion to the underlying guest operating systems that they each individually won the underlying hardware, the CPU and…
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Memory coordinator test cases (and expected outcome)
I’m getting ready to begin developing a memory coordinator for project 1 but before I write a single line of (C) code, I want to run the provided test cases and read the output of the tests so that a get a better grip of the memory coordinator’s actual objective. I’ll refer back to these…
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Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/10
We often talk about work life balance, separating the two major parts of our lives. On some level, I agree with the philosophy, believe that work is work and life is life. But at least for me, what happens at work bleeds into my personal life, and vice versa. When I have a shitty day…
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Memory Virtualization (notes)
The operating system maintains a per process data structure called a page table, creating a protection domain and hardware address space: another virtualization technique. This page table maps the virtual address space to physical frame number (PFN). The same virtualization technique is adopted by hypervisors (e.g. VMWare). They too have the responsibility of mapping the…
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Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/09
After freeing a spider into the front yard, I noticed that the coffee mug (in which I trapped the spider in) was decorated with a beautiful web that the spider must’ve spun overnight. Almost every other day, I spot a spider dancing across the white walls of my bedroom. Instead of squishing them to death…
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Papers to read for designing and writing up the C memory coordinator
Below are some memory management research papers that my classmate shared with the rest of us on Piazza1. Quickly scanning over the papers, I think the material will point me in the right direction and will paint a clearer picture of how I might want to approach writing my memory coordinator. I do wonder if…
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How to obtain the length of the memory statistics array when calling virDomainMemoryStats
Up to ‘nr_stats’ elements of ‘stats’ will be populated with memory statistics from the domain. Only statistics supported by the domain, the driver, and this version of libvirt will be returned. What does the above API description even mean by nr_stats? How do you determine the number of elements that need to be populated? For…
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Daily Review – Day ending in 2020/09/08
The most interesting side effect of writing these daily reviews is that they stir up meaningful conversations with my wife. Apparently, much of what words I set on paper never make their way out of my mouth (despite thinking that I did verbally share them). Surely this situation of my brain tricking me into thinking…
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A snapshot of my understanding before tackling the memory coordinator
Now that I finished writing the vCPU scheduler for project 1, I’m moving on to the second part of the project called the “memory coordinator” and here I’m posting a similar blog post to a snapshot of my understanding of project 1 , the motivation being that I take for granted what I learned throughout…